Apr 29, 2020. NORMAL RANGES FOR A LABORATORY’S BLOOD CHEMISTRY VALUES FOR DOGS. TP Equine Vet J, 16 (1984), pp. The onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) is considered to occur at the speed at which the horse's blood lactate concentration reaches 4 mmol/l (V 4 ). Interpretation of SG, therefore, depends on the clinical presentation and serum chemistry findings. Gerritzen-Bruning MJ, van den Ingh TS, Rothuizen J. reference intervals and median values show very poor transferability with recently derived reference intervals for non-Thoroughbred horses and only limited transferability with reference intervals previously published for donkeys in the UK. Urine Albumin - A urine test checks for albumin in your urine. It is, rare in horses less than 10 years old. If possible, take your horse… Elevated values indicate dehydration, immune stimulation, liver disease, gastrointestinal disease, or kidney disease. They cover too many possible scenarios. Reference ranges vary between laboratories. Energy in feeds is measured in Mega calories (Mcal) of digestible energy (DE). % Lymphocytes. Electrophoresis is used instead. Upper limits of normal for most labs are usually in the range of 40 to 60 IU. Normal horses should suppress cortisol levels to below 30 nmol/L and ideally <20 nmol/L. Increased levels indicate acute injury or inflammation. Chloride. Risks to Patient: Virtually none, provided that the blood is collected under sterile conditions by a trained professional. The tests may look for proteins, sugar (glucose), and other substances. Download PDF. CSF is a clear fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. Normal reference ranges for serum sodium in adult animals (given in mmol/L) include porcine 135-150, bovine 132-152, canine 141-152 and equine 132-146. EIC is the most common reason for exercise/excitement induced collapse in young, apparently healthy Labrador Retrievers.. EIC is common in Labrador Retrievers, and now that we have identified the mutation we can test for the condition. 5,500- 12,500/cubic mm. When retesting for TOTAL T4, sample ~24 hours post thyroid supplement dose. Equine Bovine Alpaca; Neuts: x10 3 /µL 3.0 - 9.6 2.3 - 10.7 2.6 - 6.5 1.9 - 6.8 3.5 - 12.1 Lymphs: x10 3 /µL 1.1 - 4.5 1.2 - 6.8 1.4 - 4.8 2.2 - 8.7 1.5 - 4.7 Monos: x10 3 /µL 0.1 - 1.0 0.1 - 0.4 0.2 - 0.6 0.2 - 0.9 0 - 0.9 Eos : x10 3 /µL 0.1 - 2.1 0.1 - 2.2 0.1 - 1.0 0.1 - 1.4 0.4 - 4.0 5.5 - 12.5. Hematological Parameters and Blood Biochemistry in Pleasure Horses in Tropical Region. Normal Laboratory Values: Urine Reference values vary based on several factors, including the specific laboratory that supplies them. Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID; equine Cushing’s disease) is an endocrine disorder that occurs in over 20% of aged horses, ponies, and donkeys. Stay up-to-date on the latest news about your horse's health with FREE newsletters from TheHorse.com. 31%. 13.2. Urine and blood samples were taken at the same time from normal adult horses presented for routine investigations to establish reference values for a variety of parameters reported to be useful in the clinical evaluation of renal function. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, also known as MCH, is a measurement of hemoglobin in the red blood cells. 917: 1/11/06 Equine Foal: 9/25/06 Cow: 7/07/07 (STA) Rhesus CRP & Ferritin: 3/02/09 FT4 (2step) New: 7/31/06 FT4 IMMULITE 11/30/10 Alpaca: 3/10/09 Coag: 3-01-10 NOTE: Ranges may change without notice as methods change. Pritchard et al (2009) established haematological and biochemical reference intervals for working horses in Lahore (Pakistan), finding differences with reference limits from the United Kingdom Both primary kidney disease. The VetScan VS2 is a state-of-the-art chemistry, electrolyte, immunoassay and blood gas analyser that delivers uncompromising accuracy from just three drops of whole blood, serum or plasma. Saturday-Sunday: 9:00 a.m. – 10:00 p.m. This paper. Normal Ranges: The following is a list of the normal ranges in horses for some of the major parameters on a chemistry profile. Test also has a relationship with the performance of the horse. Clinical chemistry reference values of foals during the first year of life. Biochemistry. Plays a … J Vet Intern Med. Biochemistry Adult* Neonate 24 h † Neonate 1 month † Albumin (g/dL) 2.5–4.2 2.0–5.0 0.9–3.5 (g/L) 25–42 20–50** 9–35** Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (U/L) 109–315 861–2671§ 210–866§ Ammonia (µg/dL) 19–94 low low (µmol/L) 11–55 exhausted horse syndrome(8). Of course not. In elite horses leucocytosis and leucopaenia can be defined as WBC > 10.0 x 10 9 / L and < 6.0 x 10 9 / L respectively. Decreased levels may indicate an ongoing disease process. 1000 North Oak Avenue. Nabity MB, Lees GE, Boggess M, et al. Decreased values indicate malnutrition, malabsorption, renal disease, or liver disease. Susan J. Tornquist, DVM, PhD, DACVP. Helio Manso Filho. Calculated values that correlate the amount of hemoglobin and the size of the red blood … Reference ranges are often supplied, indicating the normal values of measurement for a horse. Table C.2 Normal ranges for plasma biochemistry for adult horses and neonatal foals. The horse’s vital signs are not normal, you can review normal vitals for horses in “Basic first aid for your horse.” Treating colic with the help of a veterinarian While waiting for your veterinarian. Problems such as anemia, severe infections, and some types of cancers can be detected. We also offer dynamic tools like Antech Online to deliver complete access to laboratory results and Healthtracks so you can communicate with pet owners via text message. ET. Gupta, R. C. Pathology Type. Marshfield, WI 54449. At rest blood lactate levels are 0.5–1 mmol/l. 36 Full PDFs related to this paper. Clinical Pathology Laboratory. CBC and Chemistry Profile. values for apparently healthy equids in Pakistan, finding increased values for biochemichal variables in horses when compared to the literature. Less than 30 pg/mL Mid Nov - Mid July. Table 2 is an example of a blood chemistry test result pattern for a horse with IR who has had a laminitic episode and chronic bacterial infection (hoof capsule abscess) with immune function deficiency. Horses with high baseline values (>150 nmol/L) usually have less suppression and values below 40nmol/L would be considered normal. Boys between the ages of 10 and 18 have levels of 3.6 to 5.5 mg/dL and girls levels fall between 3.6 and 4 mg/dL. Glucose is tightly regulated in the normal animal. Provide examples of clinical case data and its interpretation. The complete blood count can indicate anemia (low red blood cell count), high lymphocyte count and high eosinophils, all consistent with Addison's disease. Symmetric dimethylarginine assay validation, stability, and evaluation as a marker for early detection of chronic kidney disease in dogs. 6,500,000-12,500,000/cubic mm. Normal levels of LDH in the blood can vary depending on the lab, but usually range between 140 units per liter (U/L) to 280 U/L for adults and tend to be higher for children and teens. *Values from 'Normal Serum Chemistry Values for Adult Animals' taken from 'Veterinary Laboratory Medicine Interpretation and Diagnosis," Meyer, Coles and Rich. NORMAL VALUES Clinical Chemistry Normal Values for Horses ALB 2.5 - 4.2 g/dL ALKP 109 - 315 U/L ALT 3 - 25 U/L AMYL < 30 U/L AST 205 - 555 U/L MPV = Mean platelet volume Foal reference values were established using animals < 24 hours old. - Serum chemistry profile * One should consider repeating the CBC and chemistry profile annually. 1.50 IV or greater: Positive - Presence of IgG antibody to West Nile virus detected, suggestive of current or past infection. “Normal values for equine species should not be directly applied to interpret the lactate, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase values in ponies,” they concluded. Electrolytes / Chemistry Canine Feline Na mEq/L 146-154 152-159 K mEq/L 3.8-5.3 3.1-4.5 Cl mEq/L 105-115 117-123 iCa mmol/L* 1.26-1.39 1.25-1.47 BUN Phosphorus. Phosphocreatine is the major storage form of high energy phosphate in muscle. Sample Pathology Messages. Red blood cells distribution width’s normal value is between 10.2% and 14.5%. 3. 30 - 60%. What is considered a normal SDMA range? Board-certified specialists and pathologists are always a call or email away for expert consulting. The i-STAT 1 delivers accurate blood gas, electrolyte, chemistry and hematology results in minutes from 2-3 drops of whole blood in a completely portable, handheld package - making it the ideal solution for critical care situations, hospital operating room monitoring, exotic … EQUINE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY NORMAL VALUES Clinical Chemistry Normal Values for Horses ALB 2.5 - 4.2 g/dL ALKP 109 - 315 U/L ALT 3 - 25 U/L AMYL < 30 U/L AST 205 - 555 U/L BUN 8 -27 mg/dL Ca 10.7 - 13.4 mg/dL Ionized Ca 50 - 60 % of total Ca CHOL 51 - 109 mg/dL Ck 90 565 U / L Cl 94 - 102 mmol/L CO2 24 - 31 mmol/L CREA 0.6 -1.8 mg/dL Blood was obtained from all 50 horses. In muscles, CK functions by making ATP available for contraction by phosphorylating ADP from phosphocreatinine. The level of MCH in the red blood cells is usually tested during a complete blood count (CBC) test. Equine and Nemo Farm Animal Hospitals in Ithaca, NY for horses and farm animals. Download Full PDF Package. A chemistry panel is a collection of 12-20 individual laboratory tests, each of which assess the level of a variety of enzymes and electrolytes. Lastly, it must be emphasized that none of these tests is 100% sensitive and specific for diagnosis of PPID. 447-449. ... Potassium concentration in equine red blood cells: Normal values and correlation with potassium levels in plasma. Urinalysis: a step by step approach (Proceedings) April 30, 2011. Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles. Adult men normally have uric acid levels between 2 and 7.5 mg/dL, while adult women normally have levels between 2 and 6.5 mg/dL. General screening for subclinical and some clinical entities in elite equine athletes is often undertaken using a battery or package of tests that are chosen by the laboratory or by the individual clinician. Equine Bovine Caprine* Alpaca* Sodium mEq/L 143-150 149-158 134-142 134-144 143 … Hearst Television participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on purchases made through our links to retailer sites. Diagnostic Value: High. A commercially available immunoassay was validated and subsequently used to determine equine serum and SF BAP concentrations. This is why you can’t use laboratory ranges to determine if a horse’s insulin is normal. During swallowing, normal laryngeal function protects the airway by closing the opening to the trachea and preventing aspiration of food or water. Russell KE, Roussel AJ. A CBC is a diagnostic test that counts the numbers of red and white blood cells and platelets in blood collected from a vein. 10 3 /uL. Segmented Neutrophil. Call us to order in-house tests and supplies: 1-888-79-IDEXX. Two types of tests are available to evaluate fibrinogen. Data on various species compiled and adapted in part from multiple sources, including Latimer KS, Duncan & Prasse’s Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Clinical Pathology, 5th ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 2011; and Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ, Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology, 6th Ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Levels may be higher than normal during pregnancy. Drawing blood for laboratory testing has been a routine part of equine veterinary care for decades. It is normally at least 1.015. If the RDW is high, it means that the red blood cells vary in sizes. Neurons, RBCs and renal tubular epithelial cells do not require insulin for glucose uptake. Poor measuring methods exist for albumin, so lab values are inaccurate. Normal Dog 3 Metabolic acidosis Likely cause Anion Gap w/ Normal Cl UA Anion Gap w/ High Cl Loss of HCO3 Adapted from chart at Cornell Clin Chem Basics website – see refs Blood Gas Values Cat Horse Cow pH 7.31-7.42 7.24-7.40 7.32-7.44 7.35-7.50 paCO 2 mmHg 29-42 29-42 36-46 35-44 paO 2 mmHg 85-95 85-95 94 92 A lower than normal tCO2 indicates a low pH, or metabolic acidosis. 2700 - 6700/cubic mm or 30 - 65%. Equine Vet J, 16 (1984), pp. GFR - A blood test measures how much blood your kidneys filter each minute, which is known as your glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The Element HT5 analyzer’s identification of an increase in RDW and/or MCV is evidence of probable reticulocytosis, but this is best confirmed by slide examination. Search our comprehensive list of tests. Lactate is produced as a result of anaerobic muscle metabolism. Read Paper. In healthy animals, SG is highly variable, depending on fluid and electrolyte balance of the body. exhausted horse syndrome(8). “Horses and ponies compensate for insulin resistance by secreting even more insulin into the bloodstream in order to keep the blood glucose concentration within the normal range. Even seemingly normal or high-normal levels may in reality be lower, but appear higher due to concentration secondary to dehydration as measured by total protein and albumin levels. WBC. Allow urine to warm up to room temperature before analysis if it has been refrigerated. Electrolytes / Chemistry Na mEq/L 136 - 142 K mEq/L 2.2 - 4.6 Cl mEq/L 98 - 104 iCa mmol/L* 1.40 - 1.74 BUN mg/dL 10 - 24 Creatinine mg/dL 0.6-1.8 Lactate mmol/L* <2.5 *To convert to mmol to mg/dl, multiply by 4.01 These ranges are offered as a guide only. Hematology Absolute neutrophil count Male — 1780-5380/µL (1.78-5.38 x 109/L) Female — 1560-6130/µL (1.56-6.13 x 109/L) Activated partial thromboplastin time — 25-35 s … It took sometime to get Luck from the field when the vet arrived- he ran around non stop. Chemistry Profile You have had your horse’s blood tested & may be curious as to what it all means. Values Below Reference Range Hypoglycemia Common Causes Beta cell tumor (insulinoma) Severe exertion (hunting dog hypoglycemia) CRITICAL VALUE LOW HIGH Blasts The presence of blasts is a critical value on all new (unknown) patients. 2.0 - 5.5 ug/dL. Normal Range. Increase awareness of technical aspects of haematology and clinical chemistry. Interpreting a bovine serum chemistry profile: part I. VetMed 1997;92:553–8. Blood biochemical values were consistent with previous studies and had well-defined normal ranges. Horse owners can mix these herbs with the normal hay and feed it for 6-8 weeks (two or three times a year and especially recommended if horses regularly take medicine). How can we serve you? We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The MCV readings are measured in femtoliters and the normal range is 80 to 95 for an adult. LABORATORY VALUES U.S. traditional units are followed in parentheses by equivalent values expressed in S.I. Each … St. Louis Encephalitis Antibody, IgM by IFA, Serum. Reference Intervals from Clinical Pathology Laboratory February 2011. Values lying close to these values should be interpreted with caution given the potentially confusing effects of catecholamine induced mobilisation of cells in this series and the need for appropriate filling of EDTA tubes. The norma l values for the percentage of lymphocytes and macrophages varies between laboratories. Lymphocyte: 1500-5500 / cubic mm or 25-70%: Hemoglobin: 11 -19 g/dL: Monocyte: 0 - 800 /cubic mm or 0.5 -7%: PCV: 32 - 52 %: Eosinophil: 0- 925 / cubic mm or 0 -11%: ACL Fibrinogen: 150 - 375 mg/ dL: Basophil: 0-170 / cubic mm or 0-3%: Fibrinogen (Miller) 100–400. 1. 1st ed. - Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University. Calcium, sulfur, and zinc content in normal and arthritic equine cartilage have been studied by synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray emission (SRIXE). Based on the normal values, you can see if the patient’s RDW is high or low. functions NA Sodium. CSF analysis. The Blood Chemistry Profile: What Do All These Letters Mean?? Fibrinogen. HEMATOLOGY: Normal ranges for blood cell elements for dogs (and cats) are displayed in the table below. Fibrinogen is a protein, specifically a clotting factor (factor I), that is essential for proper blood clot formation. First synthesized in 1897, bronopol was primarily used as a preservative for pharmaceuticals and was registered in the United States in 1984 for use in … What it is: Fibrinogen is a protein that’s produced in the liver, and released early during … Horses with high baseline values (>150 nmol/L) usually have less suppression and values below 40nmol/L would be considered normal. Fibrinogen. All other laboratory sections are in the MSU VDL facility located south of the main campus. PDW = Platelet distribution width Cats were FeLV negative. Remove your horse’s feed to prevent further problems. Factors with the strongest correlations with the presence of ISSO were changes in the gross appearance of the peritoneal fluid and values … Common blood chemistry tests. Test Guide. A fibrinogen antigen test measures the amount of fibrinogen in the blood. Normal Blood Values of the American Miniature Horse By Roger B. Harvey, DVM Texas A&M University originally published in the Feb/March 1987 issue of Miniature Horse World magazine Although sub-sized ponies have been used as draft animals in European mines for several hundred years, U.S. pony fanciers have traditionally ignored this style of equine. This is in part because the preparation of the of the slide can lead to a variation of proportion of lymphocytes. Potassium. WBC. foals ranges from 1.5 to 3 times normal adult values for the first 3 to 4 weeks of life.2,10 Gamma glutam-yltransferase activity in foals is most increased from adult horses at 7 to 21 days of age.6 Similar to ALP activity, there is a normal wide individual variation in GGT activity between foals, which restricts its 498 2013 Vol. Diagnostic value of fasting plasma ammonia and bile acid concentrations in the identification of portosystemic shunting in dogs. Normal horses should suppress cortisol levels to below 30 nmol/L and ideally <20 nmol/L. Normal ranges are: Urea3.5-8.8mmol/l; Sodium135-145mmol/l Meyer DJ, Strombeck DR, Stone EA, et al. Despite the gross and microscopic renal lesions, all of the horses were clinically healthy and had normal hematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis values. units. ET. The Clinical Pathology section is located in the Veterinary Medical Center on the main MSU campus. California Encephalitis Antibody, IgM by IFA, Serum. Less than 1:16. An animal that is dehydrated or has other causes of prerenal … Veterinary Normal Values Blood Gas Canine Feline Arterial Venous Arterial Venous pH ... *Calculated value. References. RETICULOCYTE TEST GENDER AGE REFERENCE RANGE CRITICAL VALUE Reticulocyte Percent M/F 0 - 14 days >14 days 2.5-6.5% 0.5-2.0% None Reticulocyte Absolute M/F Male Female 0 - 95.014 days >14 days >14 days -385.0 x 103/ L 20.0-130.0 x 103/ L SF was also obtained from 52 joints of 16 normal TB horses, collected bilaterally from carpal joints of 10 horses (n=40), and MP joints of six horses (n=12). Well-conditioned horses that are likely to win will have normal test results. (See also Urinary System Introduction.) Whereas a normal hindgut pH may be in the 6.5-7 range, an acidic hindgut might be as low as 5, which can bring about acidosis. GLUCOSE 67 – 125 mg/dL ALT 15 – 84 U/L TOTAL BILIRUBIN 0.0 – 0.4 mg/dL TOTAL PROTEIN 5.2 – 7.8 gm/dL Equine Normals. Repeat testing in 10-14 days may be helpful. These values are often for the average horse so naturally some horses will fall outside these brackets without any significance. Magnesium. Lucky’s test showed he had 120 U/L which is still elevated but not much. Interpreting a bovine serum chemistry profile: part II.Vet Med 1997;92(6):559–66. Every single abnormal value doesn’t mean your horse has a problem. A value just slightly outside the normal range may not mean anything at all, while for a different test even a small variation is meaningful. And sometimes a high value may indicate a problem, while a result below the normal range doesn’t mean much. These values are approximate and may not be the "normal" values established for any other individual veterinary pathology lab or blood analyzer. Monday-Friday: 7:00 a.m. – 10:00 p.m. Pathology Type. - Any - Bile Acids Blood Gas Analysis (arterial) Chemistry-Special Coagulation Hematology Serum Chemistries. 361-363. The Element HT5 system provides intelligent information messages related … Even seemingly normal or high-normal levels may in reality be lower, but appear higher due to concentration secondary to dehydration as measured by total protein and albumin levels. Certain diseases can be detected and even initially diagnosed with a simple CBC. 1992, W.B.Sanders Company EQUINE TRAINING PANEL: Principal reasons for performing the test: To detect muscular defects in horses that are over-trained or are stressed in training after a long period of rest. This means that in stead of the typical equine range being 1-35 U/L a typically donkey’s range would be up to ~105 U/L. Of particular note is a marked reduction in the upper Call: 800-222-5835. The VETSCAN HM5 is an easy-to-use veterinary hematology analyzer that reports a full, 5-part CBC differential with 22-parameters in less than 4 minutes. Cellular uptake is stimulated by insulin. 2013. The CBC is commonly used in veterinary and human medicine. Serum Type Units Normal Ranges INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM (SI) UNITS Albumin g/L 29 - 41 Bicarbonate mmol/L 22 - 29 Bilirubin mmol/L 5.4 - 51 Calcium Generally included in routine blood panels that may be recommended by your veterinarian, the blood chemistry profile gives insight into how your horse’s body is functioning metabolically as well as assessing how the major organs in the body are working. 2015;29 (4):1036–1044. Less than 100 pg/ml Mid July to Mid Nov. Original: Jan 29, 2015. In horses with more advanced PPID, the common sign of the long, curly haircoat can be as good as a blood test in making the diagnosis. However, the value varies depending on the age of the patient and the equipment used in the blood test. Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA is a global healthcare leader working to help the world … they are minerals that have a prominent role in regulating blood pressure, muscle contraction … A number of diseases cause measurable changes in the blood chemistry. RBC. Reference ranges are often supplied, indicating the normal values of measurement for a horse. Calcium. What Do Elevated MCV Levels Indicate. ... General screening blood work consisting of a complete blood count and chemistry panel can be normal, though non-specific changes are common.